A parallel between machine learning and human learning…. In doctoral education, one has to take responsibility of the learning and for getting the PhD, the highest possible degree awarded by a university. Learning usually has two main elements one exploration and the other practice. PhD aims to incorporate these elements in their routine and become a full research professional in the end. The final and crucial skill which professionals must acquire is the ability to evaluate and re-evaluate their work and that of others in the light of current developments.